SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) — California should invest tens of billions of dollars in water recycling, storage and desalination over the next two decades to shore up its supply as the state gets drier and hotter, Gov. Gavin Newsom said in a recently released proposal.
It comes as drought continues to grip the U.S. West and the state prepares to lose 10 percent of its water supply by 2040, according to projections by the Department of Water Resources. The Democratic governor discussed the proposal at the construction site of a plant to remove salts from river water that should be fresh, the type of project he said the state needs more of in the coming years.
His proposed water recycling targets, which would make treated waste water safe for drinking, would cost $27 billion by 2040, his proposal said. That was the biggest price tag associated with the plan, which also relies on billions in money already approved in past state budgets. The plan envisions that money coming from both state and federal sources.
In total, he wants to boost annual water supply by nearly 3 million acre ft. each year; one acre ft. can supply about two households.
His plan also calls to expand water storage, in above-ground reservoirs and underground aquifers, by about 4 million acre ft. — nearly enough water to fill Shasta Lake, the state's largest reservoir. New storage infrastructure would help the state capture more water during times of heavy rain, like the two large storms California saw last October and December.
The proposal comes amid the third year of a drought, the state's second in the past decade. Most of the state's major reservoirs are far below normal levels after the state saw its driest January through March in at least a century. That's typically when most of the state's rain and snow falls.
Meanwhile the Colorado River, a key source of water for Southern California, has reached critically low levels. The Newsom administration hopes to reduce dependence on the river and other water exports.
"We're focused on creating more water," he said.
Interest in water recycling is expanding across the West as states and cities see their water supplies threatened by extended droughts. About two dozen communities, including those in Nevada and Colorado, rely on some recycled water for drinking, but that number is expected to grow.
The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, which provides water for nearly half the state's residents, is building a massive water recycling project. Congress included $1 billion for water reuse projects in the West in the infrastructure bill passed last year.
The plan doesn't have any revolutionary ideas for water management, but includes key details about how the state can "move faster on some of the good ideas," said Ellen Hanak, vice president and director of the Water Policy Center at the Public Policy Institute of California.
"For water recycling, its important to not just have the technology but to ensure there is a place to put the water after its treated or appropriate regulations to make sure it can safely be put directly back into the water supply," she said. Newsom's plan calls on the State Water Resources Control Board to create regulations for that direct reuse by the end of next year.
The new proposal doesn't call for any immediate, mandatory cuts to water use in cities or on farms. Instead, he wants the water board to develop efficiency targets for every district, but they would only take effect next spring if there's another dry winter. He's also proposing spending $1 billion to get rid of 500,000 sq. ft. of turf.
He previously directed the state's more than 400 local water districts to implement their own plans to reduce water use and has set a few statewide policies, like a ban on watering decorative grass. He has not set a statewide water reduction mandate.
Newsom also said he wants the Legislature to consider a law that would let the state curtail people's water rights even when its not a drought. The state operates an archaic system of water rights to govern how much water cities, farms and others are entitled to take and from where. An effort is underway to digitize records that spell out those terms, some more than a century old.
Desalination would make up only approximately 3 percent of the added water supply Newsom is calling for, most of it coming from brackish water, which isn't as salty as water that comes from the ocean.
His plan doesn't spell out how much water would come from removing salt from ocean water, a more controversial practice, but he's calling on various state agencies to create a process for citing such projects by 2023.
"As California becomes hotter and drier, we must become more resourceful with the strategic opportunity that 840 miles of ocean coastline offer to build water resilience," the plan said.
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